So now that you know
how many calories you need to eat to either build muscle or burn fat, the next step is to break down your calories into what is called macronutrient levels.
The energy content of a diet is dependent on the quantities of three macronutrients: Proteins, Fats, and Carbohydrates. Fiber, which consists of undigestible carbohydrates, contributes minimally to the total energy content, but its weight is included in the total carbohydrate content. Proteins and fats are considered necessary nutrients, meaning you can't live a healthy life without them. Carbs can be eliminated short periods, but over the long-term, it is highly not recommended.
Before we get into specific ratios and percentages, you have to understand a basic rule: you should never eat just one food - aka. only protein, only fat, and only carbs. There has to be a proper balance among the three. In addition, anytime you eat a protein, ALWAYS eat a carb. Protein needs a delivery system (insulin in this case) and carbs provide the way to deliver the nutrient to where it's needed (muscles, etc.). When you eat carbs, your body releases insulin as a response, and that is what delivers it properly to the muscles. I could go on about why you need to eat carbs with proteins, but I'll save that for another post.
What macro level do I eat?What you eat in macros is totally dependent on you and your goals. CrossFit likes the "
Zone Diet" by Barry Sears. The Zone recommends one's macro %'s to be 40% carb, 30% protein, and 30% fat, or 40/30/30. Other "diets" suggest other ratios. Personally, I like to do what works best for me. Atkins, Zone, Paleo - only names to me. If it works for you, then by all means, do it.
Important:
- No ratio is "magical for fat burning or muscle-building.
- No macro will prevent you from going into starvation mode if you calories are too low
- No macro will prevent you from gaining fat if your calories are too high.
- No macro will allow you to gain muscle if your calories are too low.
- NO SINGLE MACRO WILL WORK FOR EVERYONE.
My ultimate ratio has been a 50/30/20 of carb, protein, and fat. This is what I found out through months of trial and error. It gives me the energy needed for my activity, it supports my muscle development and prevents muscle loss, and it provides the amounts of fats my body needs for survival. It works for me so that is what I use. If I want to lose some fat because I gained some for whatever reason, I'll adjust this ratio. But for the year round purpose, it serves me well!
How do I figure out what to eat based on my calorie goal?For my example, I'm going to use my ideal ratio of 50/30/20 to calculate a hypothetical example.
I figured out my calorie requirement to maintain muscle and fat compositions (using the link above) and it's 3600 kcals. Based on my height and weight, I need 3600 kcals just to maintain my body fat % and LBM (lean body mass).
1 gram of carbohydrate = 4 calories
1 gram of protein = 4 calories
1 gram of fat = 9 caloriesExample for my 3600 calorie per day diet:Carbohydrates: 50% (.5) X 3600 = 1800 calories / 4 calories per gram = 450 grams of carbs
Protein: 30% (.3) X 3600 = 1080 calories / 4 calories per gram = 270 grams of protein
Fats: 20% (.2) X 3600 = 720 calories / 9 calories per gram = 80 grams of fat
If you make it this ratio (50/30/20 for this purpose) at each meal, then the entire day will balance out to be that ratio. Makes it simpler in my opinion. So does breaking it down into grams. Most foods list the content of each in grams, so this makes it easier to calculate.
This handy Web site does ALL the calculating for you and breaks it down into grams as well. It also gives you the choice to select how many meals you eat throughout the day and tells you what you should eat at each!!! Cool...
Take home messageMacronutrient levels can help improve body fat levels through nutrient control (hormonal and metabolic). They can also improve muscle growth and maintenance. But, nothing about macro %'s is a secret to losing fat or gaining muscle - calories are the end all be all. If you eat too much, you will get fat. It doesn't matter if you are in the proper "zone." ;-)